COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
UNIT – I [12 Hours]
Number Systems: Binary, Octal, Hexa decimal numbers, base conversion, addition, subtraction of binary
numbers, one’s and two’s complements, positive and negative numbers, character codes ASCII, EBCDIC.
Computer Arithmetic: Addition and Subtraction, Multiplication and Division algorithms, Floating-point
Arithmetic Operations, Decimal arithmetic operations. Structure of Computers: Computer types,
Functional units, Basic operational concepts, Von-Neumann Architecture, Bus Structures, Software,
Performance, Multiprocessors and Multicomputer, Digital Logic Circuits: Logic gates, Boolean algebra,
M a p S i m p l i f i c a t i o n . C o m b i n a t i o n a l C i r c u i t s : H a l f A d d e r , F u l l A d d e r , f l i p
flops.Sequentialcircuits:Shiftregisters,Counters,IntegratedCircuits,Mux,Demux,Encoder,Decoder.Data
representation: Fixed and Floating point.
UNIT – II [12 Hours]
Basic Computer Organization and Design: Instruction codes, Computer Registers, Computer Instructions
and Instruction cycle. Timing and Control, Memory-Reference Instructions, Input-Output and interrupt.
Central processing unit: Stack organization, Instruction Formats, Addressing Modes, Data Transfer and
Manipulation, Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC),
CISC vs RISC
UNIT – III [12 Hours]
Register Transfer and Micro-operations: Register Transfer Language, Register Transfer, Bus and Memory
Transfers, Arithmetic Micro-Operations, Logic Micro-Operations, Shift Micro-Operations, Arithmetic
logic shift unit. Micro-programmed Control: Control Memory, Address Sequencing, Micro-Program
example, Design of Control Unit. Input Output: I/O interface, Programmed IO, Memory Mapped IO,
Interrupt Driven IO, DMA. Instruction level parallelism: Instruction level parallelism (ILP)-over coming
data hazards, limitations of ILP
UNIT – IV [12 Hours]
Memory System: Memory Hierarchy, Semiconductor Memories, RAM(Random Access Memory), Read
Only Memory (ROM), Types of ROM, Cache Memory, Performance considerations, Virtual memory,
Paging, Secondary Storage, RAID. Multiprocessors And Thread level Parallelism: Characteristics of
multiprocessors, Multi-Threaded Architecture, Distributed Memory MIMD Architectures, Interconnection
structures,
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Mano M Morris, ”Computer System Architecture”, 3rd edition Pearson India(2019).
2. William Stallings, “Computer Organization and Architecture designing for performance”, 10th
edition, Pearson(2016)
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Subrata Ghoshal, “Computer Architecture And Organization”, Pearson India(2011).
2. Andrew S. Tanenbaum “ Structured Computer Organization”, 5th edition, Pearson Education
Inc(2006).
3. Carl Hamacher, Zvonks Vranesic,SafeaZaky, “Computer Architecture And Organization”, 5 th edition
McGraw Hill New Delhi,India(2002).
4. Kai Hwang, “Advanced Computer Architecture – Parallelism, Scalability, Programmability”, Tata
Mcgraw-Hill (2008).
